Tie Guan Yin, also known as Iron Goddess of Mercy, is a legendary variety of Chinese Oolong tea that hails from the Anxi county in Fujian province, China. This tea is revered for its unique character and is considered one of the top ten Chinese teas. The history of Tie Guan Yin dates back to the Qing Dynasty, with its name originating from a tale involving a statue of Guanyin, the Goddess of Mercy.
There are several types of Tie Guan Yin, each with its own distinct flavor profile. The most common classifications are based on the degree of oxidation and roasting, which can range from light and floral to dark and roasted. The tea leaves are plucked from the Tie Guan Yin tea bush, which is a cultivar of the Camellia sinensis plant. The leaves are then withered, shaken, fried, rolled, and dried in a series of meticulous steps that bring out the tea's complex flavors.
The craftsmanship of Tie Guan Yin is a blend of art and science. The tea leaves are carefully withered to reduce their moisture content, which is followed by a gentle shaking process that initiates the oxidation. The frying step stops the oxidation at the desired level, preserving the tea's natural aroma. Rolling shapes the leaves into their characteristic twisted form, and the final drying step completes the transformation.
To fully appreciate the nuances of Tie Guan Yin, one must engage in the traditional Chinese tea ceremony. The brewing process is crucial and involves using a Gaiwan or a small teapot, steeping the tea leaves in hot water at around 95°C (203°F). The first infusion, or "washing the tea," is discarded to rinse the leaves and warm the brewing vessel. Subsequent infusions are shorter, with the steeping time increasing slightly with each brew to extract the full-bodied flavor.
Tasting Tie Guan Yin is an experience that unfolds with each sip. The aroma is often described as floral and sweet, with notes of orchids and chrysanthemums. The taste is smooth and creamy, with a lingering sweetness that is both refreshing and satisfying. The aftertaste, or "hui gan," is a sweet, returning sensation that is highly prized in Chinese tea culture.
In conclusion, Tie Guan Yin is more than just a beverage; it is a cultural symbol and a testament to the centuries-old tradition of Chinese tea craftsmanship. Its品鉴方法, rich history, and the art of its preparation make it a cherished part of the global tea community. Whether you are a seasoned tea connoisseur or a newcomer to the world of Oolong, Tie Guan Yin offers a journey of discovery that is as rewarding as it is enlightening.