Anxi Tieguanyin, often referred to as the "Fairy Iron Goddess," is one of the most revered varieties of Chinese oolong tea. Originating from Anxi County in Fujian Province, this tea has a storied history that dates back to the early Qing Dynasty. Its name, Tieguanyin, translates to "Iron Buddha," reflecting both its robust flavor profile and the legends surrounding its discovery by a poor scholar who became a Buddhist monk after finding the tea.
There are several sub-varieties of Tieguanyin, each offering unique characteristics. The most notable ones include Xiangfang (fragrant), Shuixian (water sprite), and Rougui (cinnamon bark). These varieties differ in terms of aroma, taste, and even the shape and color of the leaves. For instance, Xiangfang is known for its high floral notes, while Shuixian offers a more pronounced mineral quality.
The production process of Anxi Tieguanyin is a meticulous art form that involves multiple stages. It begins with the careful handpicking of the tea leaves, usually plucked between April and October. The leaves undergo sun withering, bruising, partial oxidation, fixation through roasting, rolling, and drying. Each step requires precise control over temperature and timing to bring out the tea's distinctive flavors and aromas.
Taste testing Anxi Tieguanyin is an experience in itself. The tea is typically brewed using water heated to around 95°C (203°F). A small amount of leaves is placed in a Yixing clay teapot or a Gaiwan, allowing for multiple infusions. The first infusion serves to "wake up" the leaves, while subsequent infusions reveal deeper layers of flavor. When tasting, one should pay attention to the tea's aroma, which can range from floral and fruity to woody and earthy. The liquor should be smooth yet astringent, leaving a pleasant aftertaste that lingers on the palate.
In conclusion, Anxi Tieguanyin is not just a beverage; it is a cultural treasure that encapsulates centuries of tradition, craftsmanship, and the natural bounty of China's fertile landscapes. Whether you are a seasoned tea connoisseur or a novice looking to explore the world of fine teas, Tieguanyin offers a rich and rewarding journey for your palate.