Longjing Tea, also known as Dragon Well Tea, is one of China's most celebrated green teas, revered for its delicate flavor and aromatic qualities. Originating from the scenic hills surrounding West Lake in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, Longjing has captivated tea connoisseurs for centuries. This article delves into the rich history, varieties, meticulous craftsmanship, and art of appreciating this exquisite tea.
The history of Longjing Tea dates back to the Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD), but it gained prominence during the Qing Dynasty when Emperor Kangxi awarded it the title "Imperial Tea." It was often reserved for royal consumption due to its superior quality and unique taste. Today, Longjing continues to be a symbol of sophistication and elegance in Chinese tea culture.
There are several grades of Longjing Tea, each varying in quality and price. The highest grades are distinguished by their flat, spear-like leaves and a vibrant jade-green color. These premium leaves are typically hand-picked before the Qingming Festival, ensuring the freshest and most tender buds. Lower grades, though still excellent, might include slightly more mature leaves or be machine-harvested.
The production of Longjing Tea is an art form that requires precision and expertise. The process begins with careful hand-picking of the tea leaves, followed by pan-frying to halt oxidation and retain the green color. This step is crucial as it not only preserves the tea's color but also enhances its flavor profile. After initial frying, the leaves are shaped by skilled artisans through a series of rolling and pressing techniques until they achieve the characteristic flat shape. Finally, the tea undergoes a second round of frying to remove any remaining moisture, resulting in a crisp and fragrant finished product.
Appreciating Longjing Tea involves all the senses. When brewing, use water just below boiling point (about 80℃C) to avoid scalding the delicate leaves. A transparent glass teapot or cup allows the dance of the leaves to be observed as they unfurl gracefully, releasing their subtle fragrance. The first infusion should be discarded to 'wash' the leaves, while subsequent infusions reveal the true depth of flavor. Each sip offers a harmonious balance of sweetness and umami, with a lingering aftertaste that speaks to its refined character.
In conclusion, Longjing Tea is more than just a beverage; it embodies the essence of Chinese tea artistry and tradition. Its history, diverse varieties, intricate production methods, and nuanced tasting experience make it a treasure worth exploring for any tea enthusiast. Whether enjoyed alone for meditation or shared among friends, Longjing Tea provides a window into the soul of Chinese culture.