In the lush landscapes surrounding the West Lake in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, lies a treasure trove of Chinese tea culture known as Longjing, or Dragon Well tea. This exquisite green tea, often hailed as the 'Queen of Green Teas', boasts a history that intertwines with the very essence of Chinese artistry and tradition.
The origins of Longjing can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD), but it gained widespread recognition during the Qing Dynasty when Emperor Kangxi declared the four villages of Shi Feng, Mei Jia Wu, Xiang Fu, and Long Jing as the official producers of this esteemed tea. Its name, Dragon Well, is derived from a well located near the West Lake, believed to be the dwelling place of a dragon in ancient folklore.
Longjing tea comes in several grades, primarily distinguished by their pick time and quality. The highest grades are plucked before Qingming Festival (Tomb-Sweeping Day), with the most prized being "Pre-Qingming" or "Ming Qian" tea. These early harvests ensure the tenderness and freshness of the leaves, contributing to the tea's signature flavor profile.
The art of crafting Longjing involves meticulous hand-pan-firing techniques. Freshly picked leaves undergo a process where they are flattened and shaped in a heated wok, preserving their vibrant jade color and distinctive flat shape reminiscent of spearheads. This careful roasting not only halts oxidation but also imparts a unique roasted chestnut aroma, making each cup a sensory delight.
When it comes to appreciating Longjing, preparation is key. The ideal brewing method begins with water heated to around 80°C (175°F). Approximately 3 grams of tea leaves per 200ml of water is recommended. As the leaves unfurl gracefully in the glass or porcelain cup, their pale yellow-green liquor releases an enchanting fragrance that hints at orchids and chestnuts. Sipping slowly reveals a smooth, slightly sweet taste with a lingering umami finish, embodying the perfect balance between subtlety and complexity.
In conclusion, Dragon Well tea stands as a testament to China's profound tea heritage, offering not just a beverage but an experience that connects drinkers to centuries of cultural refinement and natural beauty. Its delicate flavor, coupled with its rich history and intricate production process, makes it a must-try for any tea enthusiast seeking to explore the depths of Chinese green tea culture.