Longjing tea, also known as Dragon Well tea, is one of China's most celebrated and revered green teas. This exquisite beverage has a rich history that dates back over a thousand years, originating in the western hills of West Lake in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. With its slender, flat leaves resembling spear points, Longjing tea is not only a delight to the senses but also a testament to the intricate art of Chinese tea-making.
Historical Significance
The story of Longjing tea is steeped in legend and tradition. It is said that during the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Kangxi was so impressed by the quality of this tea that he designated it as the imperial tea. Over the centuries, Longjing tea has maintained its esteemed status and continues to be a symbol of excellence in the world of tea.
Varieties of Longjing Tea
There are several grades of Longjing tea, categorized primarily based on the time of harvest and the quality of the leaves. The highest grade is the "Pre-Qingming" or "Mingqian" tea, harvested before the Tomb-Sweeping Day (Qingming Festival), which typically falls around April 4th or 5th. The next grade is the "Yulu" or "Rain Before Qingming," harvested shortly after the festival. Following these are the "Xia Cha" or "Summer Tea," and "Qiu Cha" or "Autumn Tea." Each grade offers a unique flavor profile, with the earlier harvests being more delicate and aromatic.
The Art of Longjing Tea Production
The production of Longjing tea is an artisanal process that requires precision and skill. It begins with the careful hand-picking of young tea buds and leaves. These are then sun-dried briefly before moving to the crucial step of pan-firing. During this stage, the leaves are heated in large woks to halt oxidation and develop their characteristic green color and chestnut aroma. The tea master continuously stirs and tosses the leaves to ensure even heating and to remove excess moisture. Finally, the leaves are rolled and shaped into their distinctive flat form.
Savoring Longjing Tea
To truly appreciate Longjing tea, one must follow the traditional Chinese tea ceremony. Begin by warming the teapot and cups with hot water to enhance the brewing experience. Next, add approximately 3 grams of Longjing tea per 150 ml of water. Use water heated to about 80°C (176°F) to preserve the delicate flavors. Allow the tea to steep for 1-2 minutes before pouring it into the cups. As you sip, take note of the tea's bright, clear color and its subtle, sweet taste with hints of chestnut and a lingering finish.
Longjing tea is not just a beverage; it is an experience that connects you to centuries of Chinese culture and tradition. Its elegant flavor and aroma make it a favorite among tea connoisseurs worldwide. Whether enjoyed alone or shared with friends, Longjing tea offers a moment of tranquility and a glimpse into the rich heritage of Chinese tea culture.