Dragon Well (Longjing), also known as Lu Jian or Lung Ching, is a celebrated variety of green tea hailing from the picturesque region of Hangzhou in Zhejiang Province, China. This exquisite tea has been cherished for centuries not only for its delicate flavor profile but also for its historical and cultural significance.
Historical Significance:
The origins of Dragon Well tea can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD), with its prominence solidifying during the Qing Dynasty (1644-1912). It gained imperial favor and was exclusively reserved for the emperor's consumption, earning it the nickname "Imperial Tea." Legend has it that Emperor Kangxi, upon tasting this remarkable brew, was so impressed that he ordered the tea plants surrounding a sacred spring in the village of Longjing to be specially cultivated and protected, giving the tea its name.
Varieties:
While Dragon Well is primarily recognized as a single distinct tea, there are subtle variations within this category based on the specific area of cultivation within Hangzhou's West Lake District. These include West Lake Dragon Well, Meijiawu Longjing, and Shi Feng Longjing, each with its unique terroir-induced characteristics.
Production Process:
The art of crafting Dragon Well tea involves meticulous hand-picking of the tenderest tea buds and leaves, typically during the early spring harvest when they are at their freshest and most nutrient-rich. The freshly picked leaves undergo a unique process known as pan-firing, where they are stir-fried in a large, heated wok or pan over high heat. This step not only halts oxidation but also imparts a distinctive roasted aroma and flattens the leaves, giving them a characteristic flat shape resembling spearheads or well water (井), which inspired the tea's name.
After pan-firing, the leaves are quickly cooled to arrest further cooking and then sorted to ensure uniformity in size and quality. Finally, they are packaged carefully to preserve their freshness and aroma until they reach the tea lover's cup.
Tasting Experience:
A proper tasting of Dragon Well tea is an experience that engages all the senses. To fully appreciate its nuances, one should use a clear glass or porcelain teapot to observe the graceful unfurling of the leaves as they steep. The recommended water temperature for brewing is around 80°C (176°F) to avoid scalding the delicate green leaves.
Upon the first sip, one is greeted by a smooth, vegetal sweetness with hints of chestnut and a lingering umami finish. The liquor, a pale jade green, is both visually appealing and refreshingly light on the palate. Subsequent infusions reveal subtler flavors, including a mild bitterness that balances the overall taste profile, enhancing the complexity without overpowering the natural sweetness.
In conclusion, Dragon Well tea is more than just a beverage; it embodies the harmony between nature and human craftsmanship. Its history, production methods, and unique tasting experience make it a quintessential representation of China's rich tea culture. For those seeking a tranquil moment amidst the hustle and bustle of daily life, a cup of Dragon Well tea offers a serene escape into the heart of Chinese tradition.