Longjing, also known as Dragon Well tea, is one of China's most celebrated green teas, hailing from the lush hills around West Lake in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Its history dates back over a thousand years to the Tang Dynasty, where it was initially produced for the imperial court due to its exceptional quality and delicate flavor profile.
Longjing tea is distinguished by its flat, spear-like leaves that resemble the shape of a dragon’s claw or well water, which explains its poetic name. This unique shape is achieved through meticulous hand-crafting during the pan-firing process, where fresh leaves are heated in a wok over high heat, then flattened and rolled repeatedly until they achieve the desired form and texture.
There are several grades of Longjing tea, with the highest quality being those that have a bright green color and a uniform shape. Premium Longjing often features a slightly nutty aroma, a smooth, sweet taste with a hint of umami, and a lingering aftertaste that reflects the purity and craftsmanship involved in its production.
The cultivation and harvesting of Longjing tea are seasonal events, typically occurring in early spring when the tenderest buds and leaves are plucked. These young shoots contain the richest concentration of amino acids and catechins, contributing to the tea's distinctive flavor and health benefits.
To fully appreciate the subtleties of Longjing tea, proper brewing techniques are essential. It is recommended to use water at a temperature of about 80°C (175°F) to avoid scalding the delicate leaves. A glass or porcelain cup allows for an appreciation of the tea's visual beauty as it unfurls. Typically, one would pour hot water over the leaves and let them steep for about two to three minutes before tasting.
When savoring Longjing, one should focus on the tea's aroma first, followed by the taste and mouthfeel. A good Longjing will offer a balanced combination of sweetness, slight bitterness, and umami flavors, along with a refreshing aftertaste that signals the end of an exquisite tea experience.
In summary, Longjing tea represents not only a beverage but also an integral part of Chinese culture and tradition. Its production is a testament to the skill and dedication of tea artisans who have perfected their craft over centuries. For those seeking to explore the depth and complexity of Chinese green teas, Longjing serves as a quintessential example of what can be achieved when nature's bounty meets human artistry.