Longjing tea, often referred to as Dragon Well tea in English, is a quintessential representation of Chinese green tea culture, hailing from the picturesque West Lake region in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. With its history tracing back over 1,200 years to the Tang Dynasty, Longjing has not only survived but thrived, becoming synonymous with the art of tea making and appreciation in China and beyond.
Historical Significance
The origins of Longjing tea are steeped in legend and lore. One such tale speaks of a visit by Emperor Kangxi to the West Lake area, where he was presented with this exquisite tea. Enraptured by its unique flat shape resembling a dragon's well (or dragon's tongue), he decreed it as the "Imperial Tea," thereby cementing its status among the finest teas in China. Over centuries, Longjing has evolved, adapting to changing tastes while preserving its core essence—a testament to the enduring spirit of Chinese tea culture.
Varieties and Cultivation
Longjing tea primarily consists of two main varieties: Xinchang Da Hong Pao and Chun An Keemun. These tea plants flourish in the mineral-rich soils of the Lu'er Mountains, benefiting from the perfect balance of sunlight, rainfall, and mist that characterize the region. Harvested typically between late March and early May, the tenderest leaves are handpicked, ensuring the highest quality for this premium tea.
Artistry in Processing
The magic of Longjing lies not only in its cultivation but also in its meticulous processing. Unlike other green teas that are rolled or twisted, Longjing leaves undergo a unique pan-frying technique. This process involves skillfully stirring the fresh leaves in a heated wok, which halts oxidation and preserves their vibrant green color and fresh aroma. After initial frying, the leaves are shaped by hand into their distinctive flat form before undergoing several more rounds of roasting to refine their flavor profile.
A Symphony of Flavors
Upon brewing, Longjing unleashes a symphony of flavors that captivate the senses. Its liquor is a pale jade hue, clear yet luminous, releasing a fragrant bouquet reminiscent of fresh chestnuts and a subtle hint of orchid. The taste is smooth, with a natural sweetness balanced by a gentle vegetal note, leaving a refreshing aftertaste that lingers on the palate.
Appreciating Longjing: The Art of Tasting
To truly appreciate Longjing, one must engage in the traditional Chinese tea ceremony. Begin by warming the teapot and cups with hot water to enhance the brewing experience. Use approximately 3 grams of Longjing per 150ml of water, adjusting according to personal preference. Steep the leaves in water heated to around 80°C (176°F) for about 1-2 minutes. Observe the dance of the leaves as they unfurl gracefully, releasing their essence. Sip slowly, allowing the flavors to develop fully on your palate, and take time to savor each sip, embracing the tranquility that comes with this ancient practice.
In summary, Longjing tea is more than just a beverage; it embodies centuries of tradition, craftsmanship, and a deep connection to nature. As you embark on your journey exploring this remarkable tea, remember that each cup tells a story—one of history, culture, and the timeless pursuit of harmony through tea.