Longjing Tea, also known as West Lake Dragon Well, stands as one of the most revered and iconic representations of Chinese green tea culture. Originating from the picturesque hills surrounding West Lake in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, this tea has captivated hearts and palates for centuries with its unique flavor profile and elegant appearance.
Historical Background
The legend of Longjing Tea dates back to the Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD), but it gained prominence during the Qing Dynasty when Emperor Kangxi was said to have been so impressed by its quality that he declared four specific tea bushes as "Imperial Tea Bushes." These bushes still exist today, symbolizing the long-standing tradition and meticulous care associated with Longjing production.
Varieties and Classification
Longjing Tea is categorized based on its picking season, with the earliest and most prized being the Pre-Qingming or 'Mingqian' tea, harvested before the Qingming Festival (Tomb-Sweeping Day). Following this are the Yuqian (before the Rain) and Xia (after the Rain) pickings. Each category offers distinct characteristics; Mingqian teas are known for their exceptional freshness and tenderness, Yuqian for a balance of flavor and aroma, and Xia for a more robust taste.
Art of Crafting Longjing
The magic of Longjing lies not only in its origin but also in its artisanal craftsmanship. The process begins with careful handpicking of the finest buds and leaves, ensuring only the youngest and most vibrant parts of the plant are selected. These are then withered slightly before undergoing a crucial step—pan-frying. This technique, unique to Longjing, involves skilled artisans manually tossing the leaves in heated woks to halt oxidation while simultaneously shaping them into their characteristic flat, needle-like form. After initial frying, the leaves are cooled, rolled, and subjected to a second round of frying to perfect their texture and flavor. Finally, they are dried to achieve the ideal moisture content for storage and consumption.
A Symphony of Flavors: The Tasting Experience
Tasting Longjing Tea is an experience that engages all senses. Upon brewing, the tea unfurls gracefully in hot water, releasing a pale yellow-green liquor that is both visually stunning and inviting. The aroma is subtle yet complex, with notes of jasmine, chestnut, and a hint of sweetness. On the palate, Longjing offers a harmonious blend of umami, sweetness, and a refreshing vegetal aftertaste. Its smooth texture and clean finish make it a favorite among connoisseurs worldwide.
To fully appreciate Longjing, one should observe the traditional Gongfu tea ceremony, which emphasizes mindfulness and respect for the tea. Begin by warming the teapot and cups with hot water, then measure approximately 3 grams of tea per 150ml of water. Infuse the tea at around 80°C (176°F) for about 1-2 minutes, adjusting based on personal preference for strength. Savor each sip slowly, allowing the flavors to unfold gradually on your tongue.
In conclusion, Longjing Tea embodies the essence of Chinese tea artistry—a delicate balance between nature's bounty and human ingenuity. Its rich history, meticulous production process, and unparalleled tasting experience continue to enchant tea lovers globally, making it a timeless treasure in the world of tea.