Longjing Tea, also known as West Lake Dragon Well Tea, is a variety of green tea that hails from the picturesque West Lake region in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China. This exquisite tea has been celebrated for its delicate flavor, captivating aroma, and unique appearance since the Tang Dynasty (618–907 AD). It is considered one of the top-quality green teas in China and holds a special place in the hearts of tea connoisseurs worldwide.
The history of Longjing Tea is deeply intertwined with Chinese culture and tradition. According to legend, the tea was named after a dragon's well that was discovered near the West Lake. The well's water was said to be so pure that it attracted dragons, and the tea grown nearby was believed to possess extraordinary qualities. Over centuries, Longjing Tea has become synonymous with refinement and elegance.
There are several varieties of Longjing Tea, primarily categorized by the time of harvest and the region where they are cultivated. The most prized among them is the Pre-Qingming or Pre-Ming tea, harvested before the Qingming Festival (Tomb Sweeping Day), which usually falls on April 4th or 5th. This early-harvested tea features tender young leaves and buds, resulting in a sweeter and more subtle flavor profile. Other notable varieties include Lu's Ya (Lion Peak) and Shi Feng Long Jing (Shifeng Dragon Well), each offering distinct characteristics shaped by their specific microclimates and soil conditions.
The production process of Longjing Tea is an art form that requires precision and expertise. It begins with the careful handpicking of the youngest tea leaves and buds. These are then withered to reduce moisture content, making the leaves more pliable for shaping. The hallmark of Longjing tea-making technique involves pan-firing the leaves over high heat. This step not only halts oxidation but also imparts a unique roasted aroma and vibrant green color to the finished product. Finally, the tea is rolled and shaped into its characteristic flat shape resembling a spear or the blade of a sword.
When it comes to tasting Longjing Tea, preparation is key to fully experiencing its nuanced flavors. Begin by using freshly drawn, filtered water heated to approximately 80°C (176°F). Place about 3 grams of Longjing Tea leaves into a glass or porcelain cup and pour the hot water over them. Allow the leaves to unfurl and infuse for about 2-3 minutes. As you take your first sip, notice the smooth, slightly sweet taste with a hint of chestnut and vegetal notes. The liquor should be a bright yellow-green hue, reflecting the tea's freshness and quality.
Longjing Tea is more than just a beverage; it embodies the essence of Chinese tea culture, representing harmony between man and nature. Its cultivation, processing, and enjoyment all speak volumes about the meticulous care and reverence bestowed upon this ancient tradition. For those seeking a tranquil moment or a deeper appreciation of fine teas, Longjing Tea offers an unparalleled experience that transcends time and borders.