Longjing Tea, also known as West Lake Dragon Well Tea, is a variety of green tea that has been cherished for centuries in China and holds a special place in the hearts of tea connoisseurs worldwide. Its name translates to "Dragon Well," referencing the legendary spring from which it originates – the Hu Gong Spring near West Lake in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. This region's unique climate, with its misty mornings and fertile soil, contributes significantly to the distinct character and quality of Longjing Tea.
The history of Longjing Tea dates back over twelve centuries, with its cultivation traditionally attributed to a period during the Tang Dynasty when a hermit named Ling Yin is said to have discovered the therapeutic properties of the tea leaves growing around the Hu Gong Spring. Since then, Longjing Tea has become an integral part of Chinese culture, often associated with imperial courts and high-ranking officials who savored its delicate flavor.
There are several grades of Longjing Tea, categorized primarily by the time of harvest and the quality of the leaves. The highest grade, Bi Luo Chun, features leaves that are flat and smooth like a sparrow's tongue, while lower grades may include leaves that are slightly twisted or less uniform. Each grade offers a different level of complexity and depth in flavor, aroma, and appearance.
The art of producing Longjing Tea involves meticulous attention to detail. After being handpicked, the leaves undergo a process called pan-firing, where they are stirred constantly in a wok over high heat to prevent burning while allowing the moisture within the leaves to evaporate. This step not only halts fermentation but also develops the tea's signature bright green color and fresh aroma. Following this, the leaves are shaped by hand into their characteristic flat form before being dried completely.
To truly appreciate Longjing Tea, one must engage in the ritualistic practice of Gongfu Cha, which emphasizes precision and mindfulness. Begin by warming the teapot and cups with hot water to cleanse them and maintain the optimal temperature for brewing. Use approximately 3 grams of Longjing Tea per 150 milliliters of water heated to around 80°C (176°F). Steep the leaves for about 1 to 2 minutes, adjusting based on personal preference for strength and subtlety. Observe the unfurling leaves as they dance and release their essence; this visual spectacle is part of the enjoyment. Sip slowly, allowing the natural sweetness and vegetal notes to envelop your palate, followed by a lingering aftertaste that speaks of its mountainous terroir.
In conclusion, Longjing Tea represents more than just a beverage; it embodies the harmony between man and nature, tradition and innovation. As you savor each cup, you are partaking in a legacy that spans generations, a testament to the enduring allure of China's green gold.