Nestled within the picturesque valleys of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, lies a treasure trove of Chinese tea culture – the revered Dragon Well (Longjing) tea. This iconic green tea, also known as Lu'an Guapiao when grown outside its original region, has been enchanting palates and minds for over a thousand years. Its name is derived from a legendary well near the West Lake, where it is said that a dragon once lived, adding an air of mystique to this already extraordinary beverage.
History & Origin
The history of Dragon Well tea dates back to the Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD), but it wasn't until the Qing Dynasty (1644-1912) that it gained widespread recognition. It was during this period that Emperor Kangxi was presented with samples from the area around West Lake, which he praised highly, elevating its status among China's finest teas. Since then, Dragon Well has remained a symbol of quality and tradition in Chinese tea culture.
Varieties
While Dragon Well is primarily associated with its pan-fried processing method, there are subtle variations based on terroir and cultivation practices. The most renowned is the Xihu Longjing, grown in close proximity to West Lake, characterized by its flat, spear-shaped leaves and vibrant yellow-green hue. Other regions like Yuhang and Lin’an also produce their own versions, each contributing unique nuances to the overall profile of Dragon Well teas.
Manufacturing Process
The meticulous craftsmanship involved in creating Dragon Well tea is what sets it apart. Harvesting usually takes place between late March and early April when the tenderest shoots appear. The process begins with handpicking only the top one or two leaves and the bud, ensuring maximum freshness and flavor. Once picked, the leaves undergo a series of steps:
- Fixation: Freshly picked leaves are quickly heated in a large wok to halt oxidation, preserving their green color and aroma.
- Shaping: Through continuous tossing and pressing, the leaves are shaped into their distinctive flat appearance, resembling the shape of a well (or dragon's eye).
- Drying: Finally, the shaped leaves are dried to remove excess moisture, enhancing their shelf life without compromising flavor or aroma.
Appreciation
To truly appreciate Dragon Well tea, one must engage all senses. The ideal brewing temperature ranges between 75-80°C (167-176°F). Use approximately 3 grams of tea per 150ml of water. As the leaves dance in the hot water, they release a sweet, chestnut-like fragrance with hints of orchid and fresh grass. The first infusion yields a pale yellow-green liquor, while subsequent steepings deepen in color but maintain a light, refreshing taste. Savor each sip slowly, allowing the subtle flavors to unfold on your palate – a testament to the artistry behind this ancient tea.
In conclusion, Dragon Well tea is more than just a drink; it embodies centuries of Chinese heritage, embodying harmony between man and nature. Whether you're a seasoned connoisseur or new to the world of tea, experiencing Dragon Well is sure to be a journey into the heart of China's rich tea traditions.