In the heart of China's rich tapestry of tea culture lies Longjing (龙井), a green tea that has captivated tea enthusiasts for centuries. Often referred to as West Lake Dragon Well Tea due to its association with the scenic West Lake in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, this tea is not just a beverage but an embodiment of history, tradition, and unparalleled craftsmanship.
Historical Roots
The origins of Longjing tea trace back over 1,200 years, with its cultivation traditionally attributed to the Tang Dynasty. However, it was during the Qing Dynasty that Longjing gained imperial favor and soared in popularity. The emperor himself is said to have tasted this exquisite tea and proclaimed it the "Tea of Quality Supreme," solidifying its status among the finest teas in China.
Varieties & Characteristics
Longjing comes in several grades, primarily differentiated by the picking season and the part of the tea plant harvested. The most prized is the pre-Qingming (before April 5th) tea, known for its tender leaves and delicate flavor profile. These leaves are flat and sword-shaped, resembling the blades of a well, which inspired the tea's name. The higher grades exhibit a bright green color, a sweet aroma, and a mellow taste with a hint of nutty undertones.
Artistry in Processing
The art of making Longjing tea is a testament to the skill and dedication of Chinese tea masters. Harvested selectively by hand, only the youngest shoots are chosen. The leaves undergo a unique process of fixation through pan-frying, which halts oxidation and preserves the green color and fresh flavor. This step also imparts a distinctive roasted aroma. After pan-frying, the leaves are shaped manually or using specialized machines to achieve their characteristic flat appearance before being dried multiple times to perfect the balance of moisture content.
Savoring the Experience
To truly appreciate Longjing tea, one must engage in the ritual of tea tasting. Begin by selecting a clear glass cup to observe the dance of the leaves as they unfurl gracefully upon contact with hot water (around 80°C). The initial sip reveals a smooth texture followed by a lingering sweetness that coats the palate. As you continue to savor, subtle vegetal and chestnut notes emerge, each sip offering a journey through the terroir of its birthplace.
In conclusion, Longjing tea is more than just a drink; it's an invitation to experience a piece of Chinese heritage. Its history, meticulous production process, and intricate flavors make it a quintessential representation of China's green tea legacy, inviting global tea lovers to embark on a sensory exploration of its timeless allure.