Longjing Tea, also known as West Lake Dragon Well Tea, is one of the most revered green teas in China. Originating from the picturesque region surrounding West Lake in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, this exquisite tea has a history that dates back to the Tang Dynasty (618–907 AD). Over centuries, it has evolved into a symbol of Chinese tea culture and craftsmanship.
The name "Longjing" translates to "Dragon Well," referring to a famous well located near the original tea plantations. This tea is often referred to as the "national drink" of China, celebrated for its unique flavor profile and delicate aroma. There are several grades of Longjing, ranging from Luotcha (pre-Qingming) to Xu Cha (post-Qingming), with the earlier harvests being the most prized.
The cultivation and production of Longjing tea involve meticulous processes that ensure its high quality. The tea bushes, primarily of the Camellia sinensis var. sinensis species, are typically handpicked, selecting only the youngest leaves and buds. After harvesting, the leaves undergo pan-firing, a method where they are quickly stirred in a large wok over high heat. This process halts oxidation, preserves the green color, and imparts a distinctive roasted flavor.
Pan-firing is an art form in itself, requiring skillful control of temperature and timing. Following the initial firing, the leaves are rolled and shaped by hand to achieve their characteristic flat appearance. Finally, the tea undergoes a second round of pan-firing to perfect its taste and texture.
To fully appreciate Longjing tea, proper brewing techniques are essential. Use water heated to approximately 80°C (176°F). Place about 3 grams of tea leaves into a glass or porcelain cup and pour the hot water over them. Allow the leaves to steep for about 2-3 minutes. As you sip, notice the smooth, slightly sweet flavor with a hint of chestnut and a lingering floral note. The liquor should be a pale jade green, indicative of its freshness and purity.
In summary, Longjing tea represents not just a beverage but a piece of China's rich cultural heritage. Its history, meticulous production process, and unique flavor profile make it a must-try for any tea enthusiast exploring the world of Chinese green teas.