The verdant hills surrounding the West Lake in Hangzhou, China, are not only a picturesque sight but also home to one of the most celebrated varieties of Chinese green tea—Dragon Well (Longjing). This tea, often referred to as "Longjing Cha," boasts a history that stretches back over a thousand years, making it not just a beverage but a cultural icon deeply intertwined with Chinese heritage.
Historical Significance
The origins of Dragon Well tea can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty, though it gained prominence during the Qing Dynasty under the reign of Emperor Kangxi, who bestowed upon it his highest praise. Since then, this tea has been revered as the "King of Teas." Its name, Dragon Well, is derived from a well located near its primary growing area, which was said to have been visited by a dragon in ancient times.
Varieties and Characteristics
Dragon Well tea is primarily grown in two distinct regions: Xihu (West Lake) District and the broader Hangzhou region. The Xihu variety, considered superior, is characterized by its flat, spear-shaped leaves and a vibrant emerald hue. It offers a unique flavor profile that is both complex and delicate, featuring notes of sweetness, chestnut, and a hint of orchid. The broader Hangzhou variety, while similar, tends to have a more robust flavor and slightly darker coloration due to variations in soil composition and altitude.
Artisanal Craftsmanship
The production of Dragon Well tea is an art form that requires skillful hands and meticulous attention to detail. Harvest typically occurs in early spring when the first tender shoots, known as "pre-Qingming" or "before the Qingming Festival," emerge. These young leaves are handpicked selectively, ensuring only the finest quality makes it into the final product.
The leaves undergo a unique process called pan-firing, where they are heated in a wok over high heat. This step halts oxidation and preserves the tea's fresh, grassy aroma. Master tea makers skillfully manipulate the leaves in the pan, using a technique known as "hand-tossing," which ensures even heating and imparts a distinct, slightly roasted flavor to the tea. After pan-firing, the leaves are shaped into their characteristic flat appearance through a series of rolling and pressing actions.
Savoring the Essence
To fully appreciate the nuances of Dragon Well tea, proper brewing and tasting techniques are essential. Begin by preheating your teapot and cups with boiling water to maintain optimal temperature. Use approximately 3 grams of tea per 150ml of water, adjusting according to personal preference. Water temperature should be around 80°C (176°F), slightly cooler than boiling, to avoid scalding the delicate leaves.
Steep the tea for about 2-3 minutes, allowing the leaves to unfurl gracefully, releasing their full spectrum of flavors and aromas. The first infusion yields a light, refreshing taste, while subsequent steepings reveal deeper complexity. As you sip, take note of the tea's smooth texture, subtle sweetness, and lingering aftertaste—a testament to its exceptional quality.
In conclusion, Dragon Well tea is more than just a drink; it embodies centuries of tradition, artistry, and the harmonious relationship between man and nature. With each cup, one embarks on a journey through time, savoring not only the tea itself but also the rich cultural tapestry that surrounds it.
This article aims to introduce international readers to the enchanting world of Dragon Well green tea, celebrating its historical significance, unique characteristics, artisanal craftsmanship, and the art of its enjoyment.