Nestled in the heart of Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, lies the picturesque West Lake Valley, a region renowned not only for its breathtaking landscapes but also as the cradle of one of China's most cherished green teas – Longjing, affectionately known as "Dragon Well." This tea, with its rich history spanning over a thousand years, embodies the essence of Chinese tea culture and continues to captivate tea enthusiasts worldwide.
Historical Background
Longjing's journey began during the Tang Dynasty, around the early 8th century, when it was first cultivated by Buddhist monks on the slopes of Mount Jingling. However, it wasn't until the Qing Dynasty that Longjing gained imperial favor and became a symbol of prestige. Emperor Kangxi, fascinated by its delicate flavor and unique shape, bestowed upon it the name "Longjing," meaning "Dragon Well," referencing a legendary spring near West Lake where the tea was said to be irrigated.
Varieties and Characteristics
Longjing tea is primarily classified into three grades based on the time of harvest and the quality of the leaves: Pre-Qingming (before April 5th), Qingming (April 5th to 4th month of lunar calendar), and Lixia (thereafter). The highest quality, Pre-Qingming, features flat, smooth leaves resembling sword blades, with a vibrant jade color and a subtle chestnut fragrance. As the season progresses, the leaves become slightly darker, and the aroma takes on more pronounced roasted notes.
The Art of Crafting Longjing
Crafting Longjing is an intricate process that demands precision and skill. Freshly picked leaves undergo a series of meticulous steps: withering to remove excess moisture, pan-firing to halt oxidation and develop flavor, shaping through skilled hand rolling or pressing to achieve the distinctive flat appearance, and finally, drying to lock in the tea's aroma and taste. This traditional method ensures that each sip of Longjing delivers a harmonious balance of sweetness, umami, and a whisper of bitterness, all enveloped in a refreshing vegetal note.
Appreciating Longjing: The Tasting Experience
To truly appreciate Longjing, one must engage in a mindful tasting ritual. Begin by warming the teapot and cups with hot water. Add approximately 3 grams of tea per 150ml of water at around 80°C (176°F). Steep for about 2 minutes, allowing the leaves to unfurl gracefully, releasing their full spectrum of flavors. Observe the pale yellow-green liquor, take in the subtle floral and chestnut aroma, and savor each sip slowly, letting the tea coat your palate before swallowing. The experience is not merely about drinking; it's about immersing oneself in the tranquility and elegance that Longjing embodies.
In conclusion, Longjing stands as a testament to China's profound tea heritage, offering a window into a world where nature's bounty meets human artistry. Its history, meticulous craftsmanship, and nuanced flavors make it a timeless treasure among green teas, inviting every tea lover to embark on a sensory journey through the misty hills of West Lake.